Contents
Lesson One 1
Part One Reading 1
Text A Basic Categories of Living Organisms 1
I. Words and Phrases 1
II. Notes 2
III. Language Points 2
IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 2
Text B A Mysterious Phenomenon 4
I. Words and Phrases 4
II. Notes 4
III. Language Points 4
III. Reading Comprehension Questions 4
Part Two Writing and C-E Translation Skills 5
I. How to Write an Organization 5
1. Tips for Writing 5
2. Samples and Explanations 6
3. Useful Expressions 6
4. C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write an Organization 7
II. Features of Scientific English and C-E Translation Skills：The Use of Scientific Terms 7
1. Features of Scientific English and Tips for Translating 7
2. Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English：The Use of Scientific Terms 10
Lesson Two 10
Part One Reading 10
Text The Role of Grazers in Controlling the Amount of Planktonic Algae in Lakes 11
I. Words and Phrases 11
II. Notes 12
III. Language Points 12
IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 12
Part Two Writing and C-E Translation Skills 14
I. How to Write Research Background and Literature Review 14
1. Tips for Writing 14
2. Sample and Explanation 15
3. Useful Expressions 16
4. C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write Research Background and Literature Review 18
II. Features of Scientific English and C-E Translation Skills：Diversified Vocabulary 18
1. Features of Scientific English and Tips for Translating 18
2. Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English：Diversified Vocabulary 21
Lesson Three 21
Part One Reading 21
Text mRNA Concentrations and Red Blood Cells 21
I. Words and Phrases 22
II. Notes 22
III. Language Points 22
IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 23
Part Two Writing and C-E Translation Skills 24
I. How to Write Research Goals 24
1. Tips for Writing 24
2. Samples and Explanations 24
3. Useful Expressions 25
4. C-E Translation Exercise: How to Write Research Goals 25
II. Features of Scientific English and C-E Translation Skills: Omission and Addition 25
1. Features of Scientific English and Tips for Translating 25
2. Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: Omission and Addition 27
Lesson Four 28
Part One Reading 28
Text The Use of Pesticides Endangers Certain Plant Species 28
I. Words and Phrases 28
II. Notes 29
III. Language Points 29
IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 29
Part Two Writing and C-E Translation Skills 30
I. How to Write Research Materials, Procedure and Method 31
1. Tips for Writing 31
2．Samples and Explanations 32
3. Useful Expressions 34
4. C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write Research Materials, Procedure and Method 35
II. Features of Scientific English and C-E Translation Skills：Nominalization vs Non-nominalization 36
1. Features of Scientific English and Tips for Translating 36
2. Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English：Nominalization vs Non-nominalization 37
Lesson Five 37
Part One Reading 37
Text Controversial Darwinism 37
I. Words and Phrases 38
II. Notes 39
III. Language Points 39
IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 39
Part Two Writing and C-E Translation Skills 41
I. How to Write Research Results 41
1. Tips for Writing 41
2. Samples and Explanations 41
3. Useful Expressions 42
4. C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write Research Results 43
II. Features of Scientific English and C-E Translation Skills：Passive Voice vs Active Voice 44
1. Features of Scientific English and Tips for Translating 44
2. Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: Passive vs Active Voice 45
Lesson Six 45
Part One Reading 45
Text Health Risks with Exposure to Radiation 45
I. Words and Phrases 46
III. Language Points 47
IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 47
Part Two Writing and C-E Translation Skills 48
I. How to Write a Result Discussion 48
1. Tips for Writing 48
2. Sample and Explanation 49
3. Useful Expressions 49
4. C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write a Result Discussion 51
II. Features of Scientific English and C-E Translation Skills: Use of Rather Long and Complicated Sentences vs Use of Shorter Sentences, Parallelism and Following Preferred Word Order 51
1. Features of Scientific English and Tips for Translating： Use of Rather Long and Complicated Sentences vs Use of Shorter Sentences and Following Preferred Word Order 51
2. Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: Use of Rather Long and Complicated Sentences vs Use of Shorter Sentences, Parallelism and Following Preferred Word Order 53
Lesson Seven 54
Part One Reading 54
Text A The Pleiotropy of Plant Hormones 54
I. Words and Phrases 54
II. Notes 55
III. Language Points 55
IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 55
Text B Peptide Hormones: Detection and Function 56
I. Words and Phrases 57
II. Notes 57
III．Language Points 58
IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 58
Part Two Writing and C-E Translation Skills 59
I. How to Write Conclusions 59
1. Tips for Writing 59
2. Samples and Explanations 60
3. Useful Expressions 60
4. C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write Conclusions 61
II. Features of Scientific English and C-E Translation Skills : Uses of -ing, -ed or to-Infinitive Forms vs Relative Clauses 61
1. Features of Scientific English and Tips for Translating 61
2. Exercises fro C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: Uses of -ing, -ed or to-Infinitive Forms vs Clauses 62
Lesson Eight 62
Part One Reading 62
Text A Two Different Kinds of Immunological Reactions 62
I. Words and Phrases 63
II. Notes 63
III. Language Points 64
IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 64
Text B Viral Mechanisms 65
I. Words and Phrases 66
II. Notes 66
III. Language Points 66
IV. Reading Comprehension 66
Part Two Writing and C-E Translation Skills 68
I. How to Write a Title and an Abstract 68
1. Tips for Writing 68
2. Samples and Explanations 68
3. Useful Expressions 71
4. C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write a Title and an Abstract 72
II. Features of Scientific English and C-E Translation Skills：Use of Literary Devices 73
1. Features of Scientific English and Tips for Translating 73
2. Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: Use of Literary Devices 74
Appendix Learning Materials for the Coursebook 74
Lesson One 74
I. Chinese Version of Text A “Basic Categories of Living Organisms” 74
II. Key to Reading Comprehension Questions of Text A and Their Chinese Translations 74
1. Key 75
2. Chinese Translations 75
III. Chinese Version of Text B “A Mysterious Phenomenon” 76
IV. Key to Reading Comprehension Questions of Text B and Their Chinese Translations 76
1. Key 76
2. Chinese Translations 76
V. Reference Answers to Exercises for Writing and C-E Translation Skills 76
1. Reference Answers to C-E Translation Exercises: How to write an organization 76
2. Reference Answers to Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: The Use of Scientific Terms 77
Lesson Two 78
I. Chinese Version of Text “The Role of Grazers in Controlling the Amount of Planktonic Algae in Lakes” 78
II. Key to Reading Comprehension Questions and Their Chinese Translations 78
1. Key 78
2. Chinese Translations 78
III. Reference Answers to Exercises for Writing and C-E Translation Skills 79
1. Reference Answers to C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write Research Background and Literature Review 79
2. Reference Answers to Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: Diversified Vocabulary 80
Lesson Three 80
I. Chinese Version of Text “mRNA Concentrations and Red Blood Cells” 80
II. Key to Reading Comprehension Questions and Their Chinese Translations 81
1. Key 81
2. Chinese Translations 81
III．Reference Answers to Exercises for Writing and C-E Translation Skills 82
1. Reference Answers to C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write Research Goal 82
2. Reference Answers to Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: Omission and Addition 82
Lesson Four 83
I. Chinese Version of Text “The Use of Pesticides Endangers Certain Plant Species” 83
II. Key to Reading Comprehension Questions and Their Chinese Translations 83
1. Key 83
2. Chinese Translations 83
III. Reference Answers to Exercises for Writing and C-E Translation Skills 85
1. Reference Answers to C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write Research Materials, Procedure and Method 85
2. Reference Answers to Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English：Nominalization vs Non-nominalization 85
Lesson Five 85
I. Chinese Version of Text “Controversial Darwinism” 85
II. Key to Reading Comprehension Questions and Their Translations 86
1. Key 86
2. Chinese Translations 86
III. Reference Answers to Exercises for Writing and C-E Translation Skills 87
1. Reference Answers to C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write Research Results 87
2. Reference Answers to Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: Passive Voice vs Active Voice 88
Lesson Six 88
I. Chinese Version of Text “Health Risks with Exposure to Radiation” 88
II. Key to Reading Comprehension Questions and Their Translations 89
1. Key 89
2. Chinese Translations 89
III. Reference Answers to Exercises for Writing and C-E Translation Skills 90
1. Reference Answers to C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write a Result Discussion 90
2. Reference Answers to Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: Use of Rather Long and Complicated Sentences vs Use of Shorter Sentences, Parallelism and Following Preferred Word Order 90
Lesson Seven 91
I. Chinese Version of Text A “The Pleiotropy of Plant Hormones” 91
II. Key to Reading Comprehension Questions and Their Chinese Translations 91
1. Key 91
2. Chinese Translations 92
III. Chinese Version of Text B “Text B Peptide Hormones: Detection and Function” 92
IV. Key Reading Comprehension Questions and Their Chinese Translations 93
1. Key 93
1. Chinese Translations 93
V. Reference Answers to Exercises for Writing and C-E Translation Skills 94
1. Reference Answers to C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write Conclusions 94
1. Reference Answers to Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: Uses of -ing, -ed or to-Infinitive Forms vs Clauses 94
Lesson Eight 95
I. Chinese Version of Text A “Two Different Kinds of Immunological Reactions” 95
II. Key to Reading Comprehension Questions and Their Chinese Translations 95
1. Key 95
2. Chinese Translations 95
III. Chinese Version of Text B “Viral Mechanisms” 96
IV. Key to Reading Comprehension Questions and Their Chinese Translations 97
1. Key 97
2. Chinese Translations 97
V. Reference Answers to Exercises for Writing and C-E Translation Skills 98
1. Reference Answers to C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write a Title and an Abstract 98
2. Reference Answers to Exercises for C-E Translation Skills: Use of Literary Devices 99
